Turbulence is a normal part of flying and is usually caused by changes in air movement. Just as boats travel through waves on the ocean, aircraft sometimes pass through areas of rising, sinking, or changing air currents.

Common causes of turbulence include weather systems, jet streams, mountain waves, and thunderstorms. Modern aircraft are designed and tested to safely withstand turbulence far stronger than what passengers normally experience.

Pilots use weather radar, forecasts, and reports from other aircraft to avoid the roughest areas whenever possible. While turbulence may feel uncomfortable, it is rarely dangerous and is considered a routine part of airline operations.